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Cyrrhus
Cyrrhus (; (ギリシア語:Κύρρος) ''Kyrrhos'') was a city in ancient Syria founded by Seleucus Nicator, one of Alexander the Great's generals. Other names for the city include Hagioupolis, Nebi Huri (Arabic: نبي حوري), Khoros (حوروس ''Ḳūrus''). Its ruins are located in northern Syria, near the Turkish border. It lies about 70 km northwest of Aleppo and 24 km west of Kilis, in Turkey. Cyrrhus was the capital of the extensive district of Cyrrhestica, between the plain of Antioch and Commagene. A false etymology of the sixth century connects it to Cyrus, king of Persia due to the resemblance of the names.
The site of the city is marked by the ruins at Khoros, 20 km from Azaz, Syria. The ruins stand near the river Afrin Marsyas River a tributary of the Orontes, which had been banked up by Bishop Theodoret.
==History==
Cyrrhus in Syria (Mouhafazat of Aleppo) was founded by Seleucus Nicator shortly after 300 BC, and was named for the Macedonian city of Cyrrhus. It was taken by the Armenian Empire in the 1st century BC, then became Roman when Pompey took Syria in 64 BC. By the 1st century AD, it had become a Roman administrative, military, and commercial center on the trade route between Antioch and the Euphrates River crossing at Zeugma, and minted its own coinage.〔''Encyclopædia Britannica'', 11th ed, ''s.v.'' numismatics〕 It was the base of the Roman legion Legio X Fretensis.〔Dow, Joseph A., ''Ancient Coins Through the Bible'', p. 67.〕 The Sassanid Persian Empire took it several times during the 3rd century.〔Ivan Mannheim, ''Syria and Lebanon Handbook: The Travel Guide'', Footprint, 2001. ISBN 978-1-900949-90-3.〕
In the 6th century, the city was embellished and fortified by Justinian. It was taken by the Muslims in 637 and known at that time under the name of Qorosh and later by the Crusaders in the 11th century. Nur ad-Din Zangi recaptured it in 1150. Muslim travelers of the 13th and 14th century report it both as a large city and as largely in ruins.〔Guy Le Strange, ''Palestine Under the Moslems: A Description of Syria and the Holy Land from A.D. 650 to 1500'', London, 1890.〕
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